瓷器是中國古代最重大的發明之一,是中國對人類文明做出的傑出貢獻。絞胎瓷則是瓷器中獨樹一幟的藝術奇葩。
Porcelain is one of the most important inventions in ancient China, which is an outstanding contribution to human civilization. The strangulated body porcelain is a unique art in porcelain.
絞胎瓷是用褐白、黑白或棕白兩色瓷泥交替迭摞、互相揉和,再用折迭、盤卷、切刮等方法制成各種絞樣,然後拉坯成型或模壓成型,胎上就出現兩色相間、紋理變化多端、十分美麗的圖案,再罩以晶瑩玉潤的透明釉、綠釉、黃釉,將如花似錦的花紋表現得淋漓盡致,給人一種流動變幻的美感,北方民間俗稱透花瓷。由於它工藝複雜,製作難度極高,所以流傳下來的絞胎瓷十分稀少名貴。
The twisted body porcelain is made of brown white, black-and-white or brown white porcelain mud alternately stacked and kneaded with each other, then folded, coiled, cut and scraped to make a variety of twisted samples, and then cast or molded. On the tire, there are two colors, varied textures and very beautiful patterns, and then covered with crystal clear glaze, green glaze and yellow glaze, the colorful patterns are displayed incisively and vividly, It gives people a flowing and changeable aesthetic feeling, which is commonly known as transparent flower porcelain in northern China. Because of its complex technology and high difficulty in making, the strangulated body porcelain handed down is very rare and valuable.
絞胎陶瓷亦稱“絞泥”、“攪胎瓷”、 “透花瓷”。絞胎是唐代陶瓷業中的一個新工藝，唐代以前尚未出現，靖康之變後失傳。所謂絞胎，是將兩種或兩種以上不同顏色的瓷土揉和在一起，然後相絞拉坯，製作成形，澆一層透明釉，燒製而成。由於泥坯絞揉方式不同，紋理變化亦無窮。能絞出木紋、鳥羽紋、雲紋、流水紋，有的如老樹纏繞盤根錯節，有的如層山疊嶂起伏不定，構思奇巧，變化萬千。
Strangled ceramics are also known as "ground mud", "agitated tire porcelain" and "transparent flower porcelain". Strangulation was a new technology in the ceramic industry of the Tang Dynasty. It had not appeared before the Tang Dynasty, but was lost after the Jingkang revolution. The so-called strangulated body is to knead two or more different colors of porcelain clay together, and then twist and pull the blank, making shape, pouring a layer of transparent glaze, firing. Due to the different kneading methods, the texture of the clay body changes infinitely. It can twist wood, bird feather, cloud and flowing water patterns, some of which are entangled by old trees, and some are like mountains and mountains. Their ideas are ingenious and changeable.
絞胎陶瓷每一件產品都有其不同的紋理特色，其紋理結構只有相似，沒有相同，它以獨特的紋理結構和色彩變化在陶瓷產品中獨樹一幟，成為諸瓷之中的佼佼者，堪稱制瓷精品。
Each product of strangulated ceramic has its own different texture characteristics. Its texture structure is only similar, but not the same. It is unique in ceramic products with its unique texture structure and color change. It has become the leader among all kinds of porcelain and can be called the excellent porcelain making product.
絞胎陶瓷製作技術是當陽峪獨特的工藝技術之一,絞胎是陶瓷技術與藝術的完美結合.它將形式美在瓷胎裝飾方面推向極至.它利用陶瓷顏色的色彩,通過了作者的精心構思,進行揉合、排列和白泥或其它色泥，繼成的紋理或圖案，出現的亦真亦幻的藝術感染力，令人賞心悅目。
The technology of making porcelain with gallows is one of the unique techniques in Dangyangyu. It is a perfect combination of ceramic technology and art. It pushes the beauty of form to the extreme in the decoration of porcelain body. It uses the color of ceramic color and passes the author's careful conception, The texture or pattern formed by blending, arranging and white clay or other colored clay can produce artistic appeal that is both real and illusory, which is pleasing to the eyes.
當陽峪的絞胎瓷，最早出現在唐代，那時的絞胎技術尚不成熟，多數絞胎的紋理則以亂紋、回紋為主，在瓷或陶的表面進行絞胎。所施的釉色多以低溫黃鼬、綠釉為多見、瓷胎白較差。到了北宋時期，當陽峪的絞胎技術已十分成熟了，絞胎技術有了快速發展，工藝更趨成熟，瓷胎的白度有了很大提高，紋路技術也更加完美，而且表裡如一。有席編紋、麥穗紋、羽毛紋、迴轉紋、木旋紋、流沙紋約十多種紋理的變化。
The earliest appearance of strangulated pottery in Dangyangyu was in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the technology of strangulation was not mature. The texture of most strangulated bodies was mainly random and palindromic, which were carried out on the surface of porcelain or pottery. Low temperature weasel and green glaze are the most common glaze colors, and the white porcelain body is poor. By the Northern Song Dynasty, Dangyangyu's strangled tire technology had been very mature, the galloping technology had developed rapidly, the craft was more mature, the whiteness of porcelain body had been greatly improved, and the grain technology was more perfect, and the appearance was the same. There are more than ten kinds of texture changes, such as mat weave pattern, wheat ear pattern, feather pattern, rotary pattern, wood spiral pattern and quicksand pattern.
絞胎是指將兩種以上不同顏色的瓷土通過各種複雜工藝在瓷胎裡直接做出紋飾的瓷器表現手法，傳統的絞胎工藝因為不成熟，在燒製過程中容易開裂，因此工匠們不會採用高溫燒製絞胎瓷，歷史上流傳下來的絞胎作品多為陶器。而且因為當時高溫顏料技術的落後，燒製過程中顏色容易揮發，所以燒製的作品顏色較為暗淡。當代經過藝術家們的大膽嘗試與研究，在焦作當陽峪已經可以做出玉質感很強的瓷器作品。
Strangulated pottery refers to the technique of making decorative patterns directly from porcelain clay with more than two different colors through various complex processes. The traditional process of galloping is not mature and easy to crack in the process of firing. Therefore, craftsmen will not use high-temperature firing of strangled body porcelain. Most of the work of strangled body handed down in history is pottery. And because of the backward high-temperature pigment technology at that time, the color was easy to volatilize during the firing process, so the color of the fired works was relatively dim. Through the bold attempt and research of contemporary artists, we can make porcelain works with strong sense of jade quality in Dangyangyu of Jiaozuo.
孟子有篇“君子本色，表裡如一”，表達了對君子本色的尊敬與欣賞。而絞胎陶瓷內外相通、表裡如一的特點，正是古時文人雅士“君子情懷”的象徵。它的這種特性深受士大夫階層的喜愛，相傳宋代詩人蘇軾在首次拜訪自己岳父時，送的就是親自到河南定製的絞胎陶瓷。
Mencius has an article "gentleman's true colors, the appearance is the same", which expresses the respect and appreciation of gentleman's nature. It is the symbol of "gentleman's feelings" of literati in ancient times. It is said that when Su Shi, a poet of the Song Dynasty, visited his father-in-law for the first time, he sent a custom-made galloping pottery to Henan.
精品推薦：創燒於唐代亦稱“絞胎陶瓷”；所謂絞胎，是將白、褐兩種顏色的瓷土相揉和在一起，相絞拉胚，製作成型。胎上出現白褐相間之紋理，變化無窮，如木紋、鳥羽紋、雲紋、流水紋，有的如老樹纏繞盤根錯節，有的如層山疊嶂起伏不定，構思奇巧，變化萬千。盛於唐宋，清康熙之後燒製中斷。此雞首壺直口，細流，鼓腹，蓋同為雞首，壺身上部有一圓提樑，下比例勻稱，絞胎紋路深淺分明，自然流暢，如大理石般趣意天成，絞胎釉面為鐵黃薄釉，帶彩光。在造型上具有典型的唐代風格，端莊大方，此雞首壺包漿自然，做工精細，器形飽滿。包漿厚重，品相保存完整，線條流暢有力，做工精湛，造型典雅大方，有立體的視覺效果，整體生動流暢。絞胎器外觀古樸典雅，花紋在制胎中預先形成，不飾雕琢，混然天成。技法獨特，只能手工操作，工藝極難掌握，不易控制。製作中對空氣溫度、溼度要求相當嚴格，燒製中的溫度火候要求極嚴，一旦成器，花紋表現多種多樣，結構表裡如一、內外相通、排列有序、栩栩如生、富於變化，千器千面，每一件都是絕品，不可複製。可謂是唐代藝術品中的傑作，極具收藏價值及藝術價值。
Recommended products: Chuang Shao was created in Tang Dynasty, also known as "strangled pottery"; the so-called strangled body is a combination of white and brown porcelain clay, which is twisted and shaped. The white and brown textures on the fetus are endless, such as wood patterns, bird feathers patterns, cloud patterns, and flowing water patterns. Some of them are intertwined with old trees and some are like mountains and mountains. Their ideas are ingenious and changeable. It flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties and was interrupted after Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. The head of the gallows is smooth, smooth and smooth, and the upper part of the gallows is smooth and smooth. It has a typical style of Tang Dynasty in modeling. It is dignified and generous. The chicken head pot is naturally coated with milk, fine workmanship and full shape. The coating is thick, the product phase is preserved completely, the lines are smooth and powerful, the workmanship is exquisite, the modeling is elegant and generous, and the three-dimensional visual effect is vivid and smooth as a whole. The appearance of the gallows is simple and elegant, and the patterns are formed in advance in the tire making process without decoration and carving. The technique is unique and can only be operated by hand, which is extremely difficult to master and control. The production of air temperature and humidity requirements are very strict, firing temperature and fire requirements are very strict, once finished, patterns show a variety of forms, the structure is consistent, internal and external communication, orderly, lifelike, rich in change, thousands of pieces, each piece is unique, can not be copied. It can be said that it is a masterpiece of the Tang Dynasty, with great collection value and artistic value.
關鍵字: Dynasty technology white
